遵守《学术诚实政策》，成为“坚持原则”的人

To make it a "HuangPu Military Academy" in the midst of modern economization with the mission of training students to be successful professionals who have Chinese identity and international mindedness. It aims to become an excellent example in Chinese educational field and to make our society a better place to live in because of our existence.

2．政策制定目的

制定学术诚实政策的目的是在整个学校创造学术诚实氛围，帮助学生理解学术诚实的重要性和发展尊重知识版权意识。学术诚实在IB教学与学习中尤为重要，我们将其视作指导教学、学习、评估实践，与帮助培养学生良好品行的一套价值观和技能体系。我们鼓励所有学生都能采取负责任的行动，并期望所有学生都能避免学术不端行为。国际文凭学习者培养目标中，“坚持原则”这一培养目标要求“我们处事正直、诚实，有强烈地公平和正义感，尊重世界各地人民的尊严和权力。我们对自己的行动及其后果承担责任”。基于学术诚实的重要性与IB培养目标的要求，初中部制定与执行学术诚实政策。

Purpose of the policy

This publication aims to set up an Academic Honesty atmosphere in the whole school, helping students to understand the importance of the Academic Honesty and develop sense of respecting intellectual copyright. According to IB, Academic honesty is an essential aspect of teaching and learning in IB programs, it must be seen as a set of values and skills that promote personal integrity and good practice in teaching, learning, and assessment. We encourage all students to conduct themselves responsibly and expect all students to avoid any academic malpractice. To achieve this, we focus on educating students through the application of the Learner Profile. One of the aspects of the learner profile is Principled, which learners strive to “act with integrity and honesty, with a strong sense of fairness and justice, and with respect for the dignity of people everywhere. We take responsibility for our actions and their consequences. ”Considering importance of academic integrity and the requirements of IB training objectives, the Junior School develops and implements an academic integrity policy.

3．政策实施

• 所有教师都有一份学术诚实政策。

• 所有教师都需要熟悉该政策。

• 每年开学初学生学习学术诚实政策。

• 家长需要了解学术诚实政策。

• 学校管理人员与教师每年需要修订学术诚实政策。

• 任何违反学术诚实的结果将由集体讨论决定。

Implementation of the policy

• All staff members will have one copy of the policy

• All staff is familiar with the policy in the Professional Development sessions each year

• The students will be shown and explained the policy at the beginning of every year

• Parents will be shown the policy every year

• The Senior Management Team together with the related staff will review the policy every year

• Any behavior that breaches this policy will be paneled

4. 学术诚实的定义

“学术诚实”是教育的指导原则，也是选择让其他人信任我们的负责任行为。它是合法、真实和诚实的学术作品完成过程中道德决策和行为的基础。“学术诚实”应被视为一系列价值观和有效的技能，它不但可以有效促进个人完整性的培养，也可以促进有效的教学、学习和评估等。“学术诚实”受到多方面因素的影响和塑形，包括同伴、文化、家长期望、角色示范和教学技能。

“学术诚实政策”旨在界定和澄清何为学术诚实，并明确我们对于我校学生在学术诚实方面的期望。为了让学习者社区所有成员都能够了解学术诚实，并清楚哪些行为可能导致违反学术诚实，我们对学术不端行为做了说明，舞弊被定义为导致或可能导致候选人或任何其他候选人在一个或多个评估部分获得不公平优势的行为。包括:

• 剽窃: 有意或无意使用他人的想法观点、文字或作品而未经适当、清晰和明确的承认。除非另有说明和承认，否则使用翻译材料也被视为剽窃。

• 共谋：支持他人舞弊，或者允许自己的作品被别人抄袭或作为考试内容。

• 重复：同一作品用来参加不同的评估内容或用来满足拿文凭的要求。

• 其他：任何使考生获得不公平的优势或影响另一位考生考试结果的行为（例如，把未经授权的材料带入考场等考试期间的不当行为；伪造 CAS 活动记录）¹

¹IBO2011). Diploma Programme Academic Honesty, Page 2-3

Understanding academic honesty

Academic integrity is a guiding principle in education and a choice to act in a responsible way whereby others can have trust in us as individuals. It is the foundation for ethical decision-making and behaviour in the production of legitimate, authentic and honest scholarly work². Academic honesty must be seen as a set of values and skills that promote personal integrity and good practice in teaching, learning and assessment. It is influenced and shaped by a variety of factors including peer pressure, culture, parental expectations, role modelling and taught skills.

The academic integrity policy aims to define and clarify what is academic integrity, and to clarify our expectations of our students in terms of academic integrity. In order to allow all members of the learner community to understand academic integrity and know what behaviors may lead to violations of academic integrity.

Definition of malpractice

Malpractice is defined as behavior that results in, or may result in, the candidate or any other candidate gaining an unfair advantage in one or more assessment component. Malpractice includes:

• plagiarism: defined as the representation, intentionally or unwittingly, of the ideas, words or work of another person without proper, clear and explicit acknowledgment. The use of translated materials, unless indicated and acknowledged, is also considered plagiarism.

• collusion: this is defined as supporting malpractice by another candidate, as in allowing one’s work to be copied or submitted for assessment by another

• duplication of work: this is defined as the presentation of the same work for different assessment components and/or diploma requirements

• any other behaviour that gains an unfair advantage for a candidate or that affects the results of another candidate (for example, taking unauthorized material into an examination room, misconduct during an examination, falsifying a CAS record)³.

²IBO(October,2019), Academic integrity, Page3.

³IBO(2011). Academic Honesty in the Diploma Programme, Page 2-3

5. 学术诚实支持及职责

学校领导团队

学术诚实是教学过程的一部分，也是整个学校社区的愿望。维持这样一个理解和遵守学术诚实的教学环境是学校领导团队的一项关键责任。它应该激励社区的所有成员维护尊重和信任的价值观，每个人都承担平等的责任来维护这一原则。学校领导团队需：

• 将学术诚实政策嵌入学校结构

• 为教师提供指导

• 指导成立负责学术诚实的团队或个人向家长和法定监护人传达学术诚实原则

项目协调员

项目协调员发挥着重要作用，必须理解到学术诚实原则是 IB 教育理念的基础。他们应该充当榜样，并且必须始终表现出诚实、道德和负责任的行为。项目协调员必须支持“学校领导团队”职责中列出的所有任务，并负责：

• 保证学术诚实政策的公平性和一致性

• 确保遵守IB相关资料的保密政策并履行考试职责

• 确保教师、学生及其家长或者监护人知晓并理解学校的学术诚实政策和IB项目相关规定

• 如实向学校和IB官方行政机构汇报学生(疑似)舞弊行为或学校管理不当行为

• 根据学校和IB相关政策对学术不端行为或学校管理问题进行调查和监管

教职员工

教师是课堂学术诚实重要角色，承担的职责和项目协调员一样重要。教师必须完全了解学校以及 IB官方学术政策和期望，同时，教师应当以身作则，为学生树立学术诚实榜样。任何剽窃等违反学生诚实政策的行为，将导致学生认为违反相关规定不会对他们成绩评估造成严重影响。IB执教教师必须支持学校以及项目协调员工作并承担以下职责：

• 确保所有的学生完全理解学科诚实要求和相关规定

• 确保学生了解学术不端行为及相关后果

• 根据 IB相关要求合理规划任务，使学生合理安排时间完成相关学习任务

• 按照相关学科规定及时进行反馈，避免学生反复编辑修改作业。

• 确保所有学生作业清晰分类标记并保存，避免提交过程中出错。

• 合理规划进行多小组交叉任务，避免提交作业时出现协同舞弊等行为。

• 及时对学术不端行为采取措施并配合学校和 IB调查

• 及时汇报学校管理不当行为并配合学校和 IB调查

学生

包括学生在内的所有 IB成员都应该达到并发扬 IB学习者特质。学生从小培养辨别是非对错的能力，就学术诚实而言，学生应具备的重要特质之一是明辨是非，所有 IB项目的学生都应有良好的道德品质，处事诚实，学生对自己的行为负责。IB学生必须配合和支持学校、项目和老师，并承担以下责任：

• 完全理解学校学术诚实相关政策

• 发现同学学术不端行为，向老师或者项目协调员汇报

• 发现学校管理行为不当，向老师或者项目协调员反馈

• 诚实地完成各科作业、诚实考试，争取达到最好水平

• 所有提交 IB的口头、书面以及艺术作品等评估作业中参考资料应该标注来源

• 完成作业时，非经允许，禁止向家长、朋友、同学和家教寻求帮助，或使用代写/润色、文库/资源共享网站等

• 禁止在完成任务期间向同学提供不恰当的帮助

• 使用网络以及相关社交媒体平台资源，区分资料来源、可信度等

家长及监护人

家长及监护人在加强孩子学术诚实教育方面起着重要作用，家长要增强孩子对学术诚实重要性的认识，增强学术诚实观念。IB项目多年以来在在学术诚实方面一直负有盛名，受到高等教育学府和用人单位广泛认可，因此，IB学生的家长和监护人应遵守以下规定：

• 理解孩子在完成课程作业和参加考试等需要遵守的 IB相关政策、流程、学科规定

• 支持孩子理解并遵守学术诚实政策、流程以及学科规定

• 理解学校内部政策和流程，保证学生作业的真实性

• 支持学生合理规划，合理高效分配时间完成课业任务

• 理解学术不端行为内涵及其后果

• 理解学校管理不当行为内涵及其后果

• 将学生不当行为或学校管理不当行为向学校领导或 IB官方汇报

• 当孩子因不利因素需要进行特殊考生安排时，提供真实可靠证据

• 禁止在孩子完成作业时向孩子提供帮助

5. Supporting and responsibilities

The school leadership team

Academic integrity must be part of the teaching and learning process and an aspiration of the entire school community. Maintaining such a fostering environment where academic integrity is understood and adhered to is a key accountability of the school leadership team. It should inspire all members of the community to uphold the values of respect and trust where everybody assumes an equal responsibility to uphold this principle. The school leadership team is expected for:

• Embedding the policy into the school structure

• Issuing guidance for teachers

• Providing guidelines for a designated team or person responsible for academic integrity

• Communicating the principles of academic integrity to parents and legal guardians

Programme Coordinators

Programme coordinators hold an essential role and must understand that the principle of academic integrity is fundamental to the educational philosophy of the IB. They should act as role models and must always exhibit honest, ethical and responsible behavior. Programme coordinators must support all the tasks listed in the Responsibilities in the "School leadership team" section and are also responsible for:

• ensuring that academic integrity policy is applied fairly and consistently

• ensuring compliance with secure storage of confidential IB material policy and the conduct of IB Examinations

• ensuring that teachers, students and parents and legal guardians have a copy, read and understand

the school’s academic integrity policy and the programme relevant IB regulations

• reporting suspected instances of student academic misconduct and school maladministration to the school administration and/or the IB

• supervising all activities related to the investigation of student academic misconduct and school maladministration cases according to the school and/or IB policy.

Teaching and non-teaching staff

Teachers are the main agents of academic integrity in the classroom and their role is as important as that of the programme coordinators. They must therefore have the same level of understanding of the

expectations of the school’s academic integrity policy and IB expectations. Teachers should be aware that their conduct sets an important example to students. Actions which exhibit infringements to the Academic integrity policy, such as plagiarism, may lead students to believe that rules are irrelevant with severe consequences for their assessment. IB teachers must support their school and programme coordinators and are also responsible for:

• ensuring that students have a full understanding of the expectations and guidelines of all subjects

• ensuring that students understand what constitutes academic misconduct and its possible consequences

• planning a manageable workload so students can allocate time effectively to produce work according to IB’s expectations

• giving feedback and ensuring students are not provided with multiple rounds of editing, which would be contrary to instructions described in the relevant subject guides

• ensuring that all student work is appropriately labelled and saved to avoid any error when submitting assessment to the IB

• developing a plan to cross-reference work across multiple groups of students when they are preparing to submit final pieces of work for assessment in order to prevent collusion

• responding to student academic misconduct and supporting the school’s and IB’s investigations

• responding to school maladministration and supporting the school’s and IB’s investigations

Students

All IB community members, including students, should aim to achieve and develop the IB learner profile attributes. From a young age, IB students are expected to be able to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong. In the context of academic integrity, one of the most important attributes is to be "principled" and all students participating in IB programmes are expected to act honestly, responsibly and ethically. IB students must support their school, programme coordinators and teachers and are expected to:

• have a full understanding of school’s academic integrity policies

• respond to acts of student academic misconduct and report them to their teachers and/or programme coordinators

• respond to acts of school maladministration and report them to their teachers and/or programme coordinators

• complete all assignments, tasks, examinations and quizzes in an honest manner and to the best of their abilities

• give credit to used sources in all work submitted to the IB for assessment in written and oral materials and/or artistic products

• abstain from receiving non-permitted assistance in the completion or editing of work, such as from friends, relatives, other students, private tutors, essay writing or copy-editing services, pre-written essay banks or file sharing websites.

• abstain from giving undue assistance to peers in the completion of their work

• show a responsible use of the internet and associated social media platforms，

paying attention to source and credibility of information.

Parents and legal guardians

Parents and legal guardians play a crucial role in the education process which includes reinforcing the values and importance of academic integrity. This is particularly important when it comes to an education in one of the IB programmes, given the wide recognition that institutions of higher education and other end-users have granted to IB graduates for many years. Parents and legal guardians of IB students are expected to:

• understand IB policies, procedures and subject guidelines in the completion of coursework or examination papers by their children

• support their children’s understanding of academic integrity policies, procedures and subject guidelines

• understand school internal policies and procedures that safeguard the authenticity of their children’s work

• support their children in planning a manageable workload so they can allocate time effectively

• understand what constitutes student academic misconduct and its consequences

• understand what constitutes school maladministration and its consequences

• report any potential cases of student misconduct or school maladministration to the school’s

directorate and/or the IB

• submit only genuine and/or authentic evidence to support a request for inclusive access

• arrangements or adverse circumstances considerations for their children

• abstain from giving or obtaining assistance in the completion of work to their children.

6. 学术不端及其后果 Academic misconduct and consequences

学术不端

后果

学习过程中

Behavior in learning processes

抄袭他人作品

把自己作品给他人抄袭

帮他人做作业

个人作品当做是一个小组的作品

伪造CAS活动记录

抄袭别人的作品，成绩记为0分

把自己作品给他人抄袭，双方成绩记为0分

帮他人写作业，该成绩记为0分

个人的作品当做是一个小组的作品，小组所有成员的成绩记为0分

伪造CAS活动记录，该CAS活动为不通过

Copy work from other students

Give their own work to be

copied by other students

Write homework for other

students

Individual work is reported to be a group work

Work can’t be finished before deadlines

Falsify CAS Records

If a student copies work from other students, his/her results will be zero

If students give their own work to be copied by other students, both students will get zero

If a student writes homework for other

students, his/her results will be zero

In case in group work, if individual work is reported to be a group work, all the students in this group will get zero

Work can’t be finished before deadlines, the results will be degraded.

If students falsify CAS Records, the DP

application capability will be cancelled.

考试期间

使用不允许的笔记

抄袭他人答案

使用电子设备与考场内外的人交流

使用不被允许的词典、计算器或电子设备

偷窃试卷

Use notes during a test not Allowed by the examination rules

Copy answers from another student

Use electronics to communicate with anyone inside or outside the exam

Use dictionaries, calculators and or electronic device unless allowed by the examination rules

Stealing examination papers

如果左边任一情况发生，考试成绩记为0分，根据情节轻重，决定处理结果。

If the event on the left occurs, the examination results will be zero and the students will be paneled depending on the seriousness.

学生的作品中In the students’ work

如果使用或参考了他人资源，却未标明参考书目

虽然标明他人资源，但作品大部分内容是别人的观点

同一作品用来参加不同的评估内容或用来满足拿文凭的要求

伪造数据

Lack bibliography if other resources are used or referenced

Acknowledged, but majority of work is other’s viewpoint

Same work for different assessment components and/or diploma requirements

Fabricating data for an assignment

如果这种情况发生，学生将被要求标明参考书目

如果还有时间剩余，学生可以有机会修改作品

如果并无其他选择，成绩将作零分处理

If this happens, students will be required to add the lacking bibliography

If there is time, students have an opportunity to revise the work

If there is no other choice, the results will be zero

7. 参考文献格式指南

在 CGSBS，我们要求学习者社区所有成员严格按照标准文献参考格式，用行动证明我们的学术诚实。目前，我校要求所有成员均依照 APA 格式记录参考文献。APA 格式写作要求见附件 2

Citing and referencing guide in CGSBS

In CGSBS, all learning community members are required to follow a strict citation and reference guide to demonstrate our academic integrity. Currently, we use APA as the school general citing and referencing form. The requirements of APA styles see the appendix 2.

8. 修订学术诚实政策

学术诚实政策作为学校课程修订和学校改善计划中的一部分，学校将根据需要每年定期修订。 学校将确保本政策能够反映所有利益相关这当前的需求，并确保与IB学术诚实原则一致。在项目自我评估过程中，学校领导小组将定期审查学术诚实政策在整个学校及课堂的实施。

Reviewing the Academic Honesty Policy

Reviewing Academic Integrity Policy is part of the school curriculum revision and school improvement plan, and the school will periodically revise it every year as needed. The school will ensure that this policy reflects the current needs of all stakeholders and is consistent with the IB academic integrity principles.The Leadership team will review the implementation of the policy in classrooms and throughout the school on a regular basis as part of the appraisal process.

附录1-为什么引用？引用什么？什么时候引用？

为什么引用？

恰当的引文是学术研究和知识交流的关键。当我们引用表示我们：

² 尊重他人的工作

² 帮助读者将我们的工作与其他对我们工作有贡献的人的工作区分开来

² 让读者有机会检查我们使用他人作品的有效性

² 让读者有机会出于兴趣而跟进我们的参考文献

² 展示并接受我们的研究过程

² 证明我们能够使用可靠的来源和批判性地评估它们来支持我们的工作

² 建立我们知识和理念的可信度和权威

² 证明我们能够得出自己的结论

Appendix 1 – Why cite? What to cite? When to cite?

Why cite?

Proper citation is a key element in academic scholarship and intellectual exchange. When we cite we

² show respect for the work of others

² help a reader to distinguish our work from the work of others who have contributed to our work

² give the reader the opportunity to check the validity of our use of other people’s work

² give the reader the opportunity to follow up our references, out of interest

² show and receive proper credit for our research process

² demonstrate that we are able to use reliable sources and critically assess them to support our work

² establish the credibility and authority of our knowledge and ideas

² demonstrate that we are able to draw our own conclusio

引用什么？

作为创作者/作者，我们应该承认任何不属于我们的材料或想法，以及以任何方式被使用的内容，如引用、

意译或总结。“材料”一词是指书面、口头或电子产品，可包括以下内容：

· 文本 · 艺术 · 信 · 视觉 · 讲座 · 广播

· 音频 · 面试 · 地图 · 图形 · 对话

一个领域或学科的基本和常识不需要被承认。然而，如果我们怀疑源材料是否是常识，我们应该引用!

What to cite?

As creators/authors, we are expected to acknowledge any materials or ideas that are not

ours and that have been used in any way, such as quotation, paraphrase or summary. The term “materials” means written, oral or electronic products, and may include the following：

·Text ·Artistic ·Letters ·Visual ·Lectures

·Broadcasts ·Audio ·Interviews ·Maps ·Graphic

·Conversations

Basic and common knowledge within a field or subject does not need to be acknowledged. However, if we are in doubt whether the source material is common knowledge or not, we should cite!

什么时候引用？

当我们承认使用了不属于我们的材料或想法时，读者必须能够清楚地区分开我们自己的文字、插图、发

现和想法与其他创作者的文字和作品。

风格指南为我们在书面工作中记录资源提供了建议，但它们对其他格式和媒介的帮助不大。然而，我们

可以诚实，我们可以帮助我们的观众-为了评估的目的，这是一个期望。

在书面工作中，我们应该在文本中引用我们使用了外部来源的内容。在文末尾的参考书目(被引用的作品/

参考文献列表)中包含参考文献是不够的。

在其他形式的工作(音乐、视频、艺术作品)中，我们应该适当地承认使用了外部资源。

在演讲中，我们可以向我们的观众提供我们的参考资料的讲义或在最后的幻灯片上列出我们的资料来源。

在口头演讲中，我们可以通过使用短语来确认我们使用的来源，例如，“As Gandhi put it …” 或 “According to …”。我们可以通过通过引号来表示“Quote … Unquote”。在由海报或幻灯片的演示中，我们可以在幻

灯片上包含简短或完整的参考资料；如果幻灯片上有简短的参考文献，那么我们应该在讲义或最后的幻灯

片上再次提供完整的参考文献列表。

我们可以在电影的片尾字幕中加入对他人作品的参考或致谢。一段音乐可以配上说明其影响和直接的来源。

展出的艺术品可以加上标签或标题。

When to cite?

When we acknowledge the use of materials or ideas that are not ours, the reader must be able to clearly distinguish between our own words, illustrations, findings and ideas and the words and work of other creators.

Style guides give us advice for documenting our sources in written work, but they are less helpful with other formats and mediums. Nevertheless, we can be honest and we can be helpful to our audience(s)—for assessment purposes, this is an expectation.

In written work, we should cite in the text where we have used an external source. The inclusion of a reference in a bibliography (works cited/list of references) at the end of the paper is not enough.

In other forms of work (music, video, artistic pieces), we are expected to acknowledge use of external sources appropriately.

In presentations we can provide our audience with a handout of our references, or list our sources on the final slide(s).

During an oral presentation, we can acknowledge the sources we are using by the use of phrases, for example, “As Gandhi put it …” or “According to …”. We can show a direct quotation by saying “Quote … Unquote” or by signaling with “rabbit’s ears” or “air quotes”.

In a presentation supported by posters or slides, we can include short or full references on

the slides; if short references are made on the slides, then we should again provide a full

list of references on a handout or on the final slide(s).

We can include references or acknowledgments of other people’s work in the final credits

of a film. A piece of music can be accompanied by programme notes indicating influences

and direct sources. Art on display can be labelled or captioned.

IBO (2014): Effective citing and referencing, p2-4⁴

⁴IBO (2014): Effective citing and referencing, p2-4

附录2-如何在文本和参考列表中组织引用

书目类型有很多种。我们使用美国心理协会“APA”格式⁵。

引用的文本

为了引用他人的作品，APA风格使用了作者-日期引用方法。正文中的引用必须注明(作者，日期)或作者(日期)。

1.直接引用

使用引号并包含页码。

例子:Samovar和Porter(1997)指出(第188页)，“语言包括给符号附加意义”

“语言包括给符号赋予意义”(Samovar & Porter, 1997，第188页)。

2.间接引用/套用

释义允许你使用其他来源的信息，只要你把这些信息用自己的话表达出来。

例子:当转述时页码是可选的，尽管作者鼓励包含它们，特别是当它帮助读者在长文本中找到参考(出版手册，171页)。

3.来自二手资料的引用

当你在读过的作品(如《Claiborne & Drewery》)中找到引用(如Arnett)，你希望引用原始资料(Arnett)，这被称为从二次来源引用。

在文本的引用:

Arnett(2000年，Claiborne & Drewery2010年曾引用)认为，在人类的寿命中有一个新兴的成人阶段，包括18至25岁的年轻人。

·在文本中，列出你读过的作品和原著的名字。

·使用短语'曾引用的'来表示二手来源。

⁵APA reference style. (2014, July). APA Reference Style: books. Retrieved July 29, 2014 from http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA05.html

参考列表:

克莱本，L，和德鲁里，W.(2010)。人类发展:家庭、地点、文化。澳大利亚新南威尔士州北莱德:麦格劳-希尔。

·把Claiborne & Drewery列入参考书目，而不是Arnett。

4.参考表

书

顺序:作者、日期、书名、出版地点、出版社

格式:作者的姓名.(出版日期).书名.出版城市:出版公司。

注意:把作者的名字颠倒过来，只使用名字的首字母。主标题、副标题和所有专有名词的第一个词都有大写字母。书名应该用斜体。

杂志的文章

顺序:作者、日期、文章标题、杂志标题、页码

格式:作者的姓.首字母.(出版日期).文章标题.杂志标题,卷号(如有发行号),包括页数。

注意:杂志标题必须用斜体。

网页

格式:作者(可以是一个组织).日期(出版日期或最新更新).文档标题.从完整的URL检索月日，年

注意:文档标题应该是斜体

5.一般的指导方针:

l在整个工作过程中，记下所有信息来源的笔记。

l将所有类型的参考资料，无论是书籍、杂志还是网站，按字母顺序组合成一个列表。

l在不同的引用之间空一行。

l作品列表只包括你引用或意译或总结的来源。不要包括你参考过但在论文中没有提及的资料。

Appendix 2: How to organize citations in text & reference list

There are many kinds of bibliography styles. We use the “APA” style of referencing. The American Psychological Association reference style is one of the Author-Date reference styles. In CGSBS, we use this reference style⁵.

Citations in text

To cite works of others, APA style uses an author-date citation method. Citations in text are acknowledged with (Author, Date) or Author (Date).

1. Direct quotation

Use quotation marks and include page numbers. Example:

Samovar and Porter (1997) point out that "language involves attaching meaning to symbols" (p. 188)

or "Language involves attaching meaning to symbols" (Samovar & Porter, 1997, p. 188).

2. Indirect quotation/paraphrasing

Paraphrasing allows you to use information from other sources, as long as you put the information into your own words.

Example:

Page numbers are optional when paraphrasing, although authors are encouraged to include them, especially when it assists the reader to locate the reference in long pieces of text (Publication Manual, p. 171).

3. A citation from secondary source

When you find a quote (e.g. Arnett) within a work that you have read (e.g. Claiborne & Drewery) and you wish to refer to the original quote (Arnett), this is called citing from a secondary source.

In text citation:

Arnett (2000, as cited in Claiborne & Drewery, 2010) suggests there is an emerging adult stage in the lifespan of humans, covering young people between the ages of 18 and 25 years.

In-text, name the original work as well as the work you have read. Use the phrase 'as cited in' to signify the secondary source.

⁵APA reference style. (2014, July). APA Reference Style: books. Retrieved July 29, 2014 from http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA05.html

In reference list:

Claiborne, L., & Drewery, W. (2010). Human development: Family, place, culture. North Ryde, NSW, Australia: McGraw-Hill.

List Claiborne & Drewery in your reference list, not Arnett.

4. Reference list

Books Example:

Webb, C.D. (1992). A theoretical basis for Pig Latin Semiotics. New Haven, CT: Bayside Order: Author(s), date, title, publish location, publishing house

Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Book title. City of publication: Publishing company. NB: Invert the author(s) name(s), and use initial(s) of first name(s) only. The first word of the main title, subtitle and all proper nouns have capital letters. Book titles should be italics.

More examples

Case 1: book with one author Case 2: book with two authors

Citation of case 1

Webb, C.D. (1992). A theoretical basis for Pig Latin Semiotics. New Haven, CT: Bayside

Citation of case 2:

Brandow, A.E., & Wenceler, S. (1987). Breaking the language barrier: Our experiences teaching Pig Latin to South American aboriginal peoples (Rev. ed.). Kalohe, HT: Kahoolawe University Press.

Magazine article

Example:

Format 1:

Author, A. A. (date). Title of book. Publish location: Publisher.

Format 2: Author, A.A., & Author, B.B. (date). Title of book. Publish location: Publisher.

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31. Order: Authors, date, Article title, Magazine Title, page number

Format: Author's last name, first initial. (Publication date). Article title. Magazine title, volume number (issue number if available), inclusive pages.

NB: Magazine titles should be italics.

Web Page

Example:

Science Buddies. (2014, July). Writing a Bibliography: APA Format. Retrieved July 24, 2014 from http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_apa_format_examples.shtml

Format: Author (could be an organization). date (either date of publication or latest update). document title. Retrieved month day, year from full URL

NB: Document titles should be italics ⁶

5. General guidelines:

² Write down the notes of all sources of information during the whole process of work.

² Mix all the types of references, whether they are books, magazines or websites, into one list in alphabetical order.

² Leave one line between different references.

² The works list includes only the sources from which you QUOTE or PARAPHRASE or SUMMARIZE. Never include sources that you have consulted but do not refer to in the paper.

参考资料 Reference list

1. MYP: From principles into practices (for use from Sepetember2014/January 2015) https://resources.ibo.org/myp/resource/11162-32896

2. Program standards and practices (For use from January 2014) https://resources.ibo.org/ib/resource/11162-occ-file-g_0_iboxx_amo_1401_1_e?lang=en

3. Academic integrity

4. https://resources.ibo.org/ib/topic/Academic-honesty/works/edu_11162-58121?lang=en

5. Academic honesty in the IB educational context

6. https://resources.ibo.org/ib/topic/Academic-honesty/resource/11162-occ-file-g_0_malpr_sup_ 1408_1a_e?lang=en

7. Academic honesty in the Middle Years Programme. https://resources.ibo.org/ib/topic/Academic-honesty/resource/11162-42418?lang=en

8. IBO(2015). Diploma Programme: From principles into practice, 37

9. IBO(2011). Academic honesty in Diploma Programme, 2-3

10. IBO(2014). Effective citing and referencing, 2-4

11. APA reference style. (2014, July). APA Reference Style: books. Retrieved July 29, 2014 from http://linguistics.byu.edu/faculty/henrichsenl/apa/APA05.html

12. Science Buddies. (2014, July). Writing a Bibliography: APA Format. Retrieved July 24, 2014 from http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_apa_format_examples.shtml

遵守《学术诚实政策》，成为“坚持原则”的人

CGSBS Mission Statement

2．政策制定目的

Purpose of the policy

Implementation of the policy

• 共谋：支持他人舞弊，或者允许自己的作品被别人抄袭或作为考试内容。

• 其他：任何使考生获得不公平的优势或影响另一位考生考试结果的行为（例如，把未经授权的材料带入考场等考试期间的不当行为；伪造 CAS 活动记录）1

Understanding academic honesty

Definition of malpractice

5. 学术诚实支持及职责

项目协调员

教职员工

学生

家长及监护人

5. Supporting and responsibilities

Programme Coordinators

Teaching and non-teaching staff

Students

Parents and legal guardians

6. 学术不端及其后果 Academic misconduct and consequences

7. 参考文献格式指南

Citing and referencing guide in CGSBS

8. 修订学术诚实政策

Reviewing the Academic Honesty Policy

Appendix 1 – Why cite? What to cite? When to cite?

引用什么？

作为创作者/作者，我们应该承认任何不属于我们的材料或想法，以及以任何方式被使用的内容，如引用、

意译或总结。“材料”一词是指书面、口头或电子产品，可包括以下内容：

What to cite?

什么时候引用？

When to cite?

Appendix 2: How to organize citations in text & reference list

Citations in text

1. Direct quotation

2. Indirect quotation/paraphrasing

3. A citation from secondary source

In text citation:

In reference list:

Magazine article

Web Page

5. General guidelines:

参考资料 Reference list

• 其他：任何使考生获得不公平的优势或影响另一位考生考试结果的行为（例如，把未经授权的材料带入考场等考试期间的不当行为；伪造 CAS 活动记录）¹